Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a surgical procedure designed to restore knee stability following an ACL injury. This ligament is essential for maintaining balance and controlling knee movement during rapid changes in direction. If damaged, ACL reconstruction can help reduce pain, restore function, and prevent further knee injury.
ACL injuries often occur during sports or activities that involve sudden stops or changes in direction. This type of injury can lead to significant instability, limiting your ability to participate in sports or even everyday activities. ACL reconstruction involves using a graft to replace the damaged ligament, allowing you to regain stability and get back to your normal activities.
The Procedure
During ACL reconstruction, a graft is taken from either the hamstring tendons or the patellar tendon to create a new ligament. The operation is usually performed using a keyhole approach, with the knee filled with sterile fluid and a small camera to guide the surgery. The entire procedure typically takes 1-1.5 hours, but this can vary if additional repairs, such as fixing meniscus tears, are required. Most patients undergo general anaesthetic, with local anaesthetic used to control post-operative pain.
The incisions are closed with absorbable sutures, then covered with dressings and a bandage to limit swelling. Some patients may require a knee brace, especially if additional surgery was performed. Most patients stay in the hospital for one night, and physiotherapy usually begins the day after surgery.
Recovery
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process. It starts with reducing swelling and regaining knee mobility, then moves on to strengthening exercises and eventually coordination and balance training. This gradual approach allows the new ligament to heal properly and helps you safely return to sports or other activities.
The recovery timeline for ACL reconstruction is approximately 9 months, with a return to competitive sports usually advised at 12 months post-reconstruction. Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor progress: typically at 2 weeks for wound healing, 6 weeks to check knee movement, and 3 months to assess ligament function. Additional follow-ups are planned based on individual needs and activity levels.
